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The Eskimos of Hudson Bay and Alaska

Various Artists
The Eskimos of Hudson Bay and Alaska

Indigenous peoples have called the Arctic home for more than 5,000 years. The rich histories, lifeways, and diverse cultural practices of the Inuit have enabled them to survive in a forbidding landscape, which ranges from Siberia across Alaska into Canada and Greenland. The music on this album includes Inuit dance songs, hunting songs, game songs, animal calls, animal stories, and story songs. Most have no instrumental accompaniment. American music collector Laura Boulton (1899–1980) made these recordings in the Arctic communities of Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, and Southampton Island in what is now known as Nunavut, Canada (formerly Northwest Territories), and Point Barrow, Alaska (now known as Utqiagvik, Alaska).

*Content Advisory: The Indigenous peoples of the Arctic identify as Inuit or Yup’ik in both personal and international matters. Individuals also refer to themselves with the names of their communities. “Eskimo” is a name imposed on the Inuit by non-Indigenous people and has increasingly come to be viewed as a slur. Smithsonian Folkways has chosen to leave the album as published in its original state to serve as a historical document; however, we encourage the listener to learn more about how the Inuit and Yup’ik prefer to be represented. Please see the Declaration of the Inuit Circumpolar Council Resolution and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center for more information.
- Anna Kate Cannon, 2021–22 Dumbarton Oaks Fellow at SFR, contributed to research and writing for this statement.
For our policy on controversial recordings, please see our Frequently Asked Questions page.

Track Listing

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101
Polly, Atitah, Mikusha, and Billy Boy
03:07
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102
Kemukserar and Pangatkar
02:08
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103
Naitok and Issaluk
02:55
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104
Kemukserar and Pangatkar
03:34
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105
Kemukserar and Pangatkar
03:06
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106
Uluyok and Tutinar
02:40
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107
Eevaloo
01:59
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108
Angutnak and Matee
02:51
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109
Kasugat and Ishmatuk
01:50
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110
Harry Gibbons
00:27
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111
Harry Gibbons
02:55
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112
Kemukserar and Pangatkar
03:18
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113
Ashivoo
02:51
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114
Joe Sikvayunak
04:29
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115
Otis Ahkivigak
01:46
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116
Joe Sikvayunak, Otis Ahkivigak and Jonas Oyoowak
01:01
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117
Otis Ahkivigak
00:49
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118
Leo Kaleak and Group
01:05
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119
Otis Ahkivigak
01:31