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The Eskimos of Hudson Bay and Alaska

Various Artists
The Eskimos of Hudson Bay and Alaska

Indigenous peoples have called the Arctic home for more than 5,000 years. The rich histories, lifeways, and diverse cultural practices of the Inuit have enabled them to survive in a forbidding landscape, which ranges from Siberia across Alaska into Canada and Greenland. The music on this album includes Inuit dance songs, hunting songs, game songs, animal calls, animal stories, and story songs. Most have no instrumental accompaniment. American music collector Laura Boulton (1899–1980) made these recordings in the Arctic communities of Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, and Southampton Island in what is now known as Nunavut, Canada (formerly Northwest Territories), and Point Barrow, Alaska (now known as Utqiagvik, Alaska).

*Content Advisory: The Indigenous peoples of the Arctic identify as Inuit or Yup’ik in both personal and international matters. Individuals also refer to themselves with the names of their communities. “Eskimo” is a name imposed on the Inuit by non-Indigenous people and has increasingly come to be viewed as a slur. Smithsonian Folkways has chosen to leave the album as published in its original state to serve as a historical document; however, we encourage the listener to learn more about how the Inuit and Yup’ik prefer to be represented. Please see the Declaration of the Inuit Circumpolar Council Resolution and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center for more information.
- Anna Kate Cannon, 2021–22 Dumbarton Oaks Fellow at SFR, contributed to research and writing for this statement.
For our policy on controversial recordings, please see our Frequently Asked Questions page.

Track Listing

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101
Johnnie Bull Song Polly, Atitah, Mikusha, and Billy Boy 03:07
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102
His First Hunt Kemukserar and Pangatkar 02:08
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103
All Songs Have Been Exhausted Naitok and Issaluk 02:55
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104
Hunting for Musk Ox Kemukserar and Pangatkar 03:34
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105
Hunting Seals Kemukserar and Pangatkar 03:06
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106
I Sing about a Dance Uluyok and Tutinar 02:40
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107
Before We Came to This Religion Eevaloo 01:59
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108
Girls’ Game Angutnak and Matee 02:51
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109
Children’s Game Kasugat and Ishmatuk 01:50
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110
Bird Imitations Harry Gibbons 00:27
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111
Imitations of Walrus Harry Gibbons 02:55
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112
Animal Stories Kemukserar and Pangatkar 03:18
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113
Hunting Song Ashivoo 02:51
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114
Dance Songs Joe Sikvayunak 04:29
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115
Story Songs Otis Ahkivigak 01:46
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116
Dance Song Joe Sikvayunak, Otis Ahkivigak and Jonas Oyoowak 01:01
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117
Inviting-in Dance Song Otis Ahkivigak 00:49
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118
Dance Song (1) Leo Kaleak and Group 01:05
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119
Dance Song (2) Otis Ahkivigak 01:31